![]() A study published at the end of 2020 looked at the effects of caffeine energy shot drinks in adolescents. Researchers refer to “fast metabolizers” and “slow metabolizers,” who show differences in how caffeine affects their glucose and insulin levels. There’s increasing evidence that genetics play a role in how different people process caffeine, too. Similarly, a study in women with gestational diabetes showed that even doses below the recommended safe amount of caffeine for pregnant women (200 mg, or about two cups) led to a short-term decrease in insulin sensitivity. It found that caffeine raised their glucose responses to breakfast, lunch, and dinner, as well as causing an increase in their overall average glucose for the day. One study at Duke University looked at how consuming the caffeine equivalent of about five cups of coffee-half at breakfast, half at lunch-impacted participants’ glucose levels throughout the day. Research shows the same effects in people with Type 2 diabetes, but the impact may last longer given their existing metabolic impairment. It also drops after high coffee consumption over four weeks, suggesting the body does not build a tolerance to caffeine’s effect on insulin over time. Research has shown that insulin sensitivity drops in response to a single dose of caffeine following 72 hours of caffeine avoidance. In other words, caffeine seems to impair insulin’s effectiveness. That suggests that caffeine causes a decrease in insulin sensitivity since the elevated insulin isn’t bringing down the glucose increase from the ingested carbs. What they’ve found is that insulin and glucose levels tend to rise. To test its effect on glucose metabolism, researchers typically ask study participants to consume either caffeine or coffee with a meal or an oral glucose tolerance test (in which people drink a high-glucose beverage) and then monitor their insulin and glucose levels. Since coffee on its own (no sugar, no dairy) doesn’t contain carbohydrates, simply drinking a cup shouldn’t raise glucose levels. ![]() The Short Term: Caffeine Reduces Insulin Sensitivity Here’s a look at the two sides of coffee. Coffee’s long-term benefits seem to stem from other compounds in the brew and are ultimately more potent than the immediate effects of its caffeine component. And most studies of caffeine’s short-term effects show that it reduces insulin sensitivity. You might have experienced this first hand. On the other hand, you may read headlines saying that a cup of coffee raises your blood glucose level. Decades-long epidemiological studies find pretty consistently that drinking coffee lowers the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Even its impact on athletic performance varies among individuals.īut if we zoom out to look at coffee and not just caffeine, it perfectly illustrates the difference between short-term and long-term effects. The liver mostly breaks it down, but it can interact with multiple systems, including the brain, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, and the kidneys. We can often feel caffeine’s effects within 15 minutes, but it can remain in our body for up to 10 hours. And while we know caffeine is a stimulant, individual responses to its stimulatory impact and subsequent side effects vary considerably, due in part to our genetics. First, it’s helpful to acknowledge that discussions about coffee are often discussions about caffeine since only about 10% of U.S. 2017 doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.002.It’s easy to get confused about whether coffee is good or bad for you. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. ![]() Benefits and risks of caffeine and caffeinated beverages. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Trends in caffeine intake among US children and adolescents. In: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Complete Food and Nutrition Guide. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.Spilling the beans: How much caffeine is too much.Is your kid over-caffeinated? Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.Coffee, caffeine, and health outcomes: An umbrella review. ![]() Journal of the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. adults based on the NHANES 2007-2012 surveys. Daily patterns of caffeine intake and the association of intake with multiple sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in U.S. ![]()
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